breast

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	10
Number of observations	699
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	236
Duplicate rows (%)	33.8%
Total size in memory	54.7 KiB
Average record size in memory	80.2 B

Variable types

NUM	9
BOOL	1

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-08-25 01:11:06.004273
Analysis finished	2020-08-25 01:11:18.711125
Duration	12.71 seconds
Version	pandas-profiling v2.8.0
Command line	`pandas_profiling --config_file config.yaml [YOUR_FILE.csv]`
Download configuration	config.yaml

Warnings

Dataset has 236 (33.8%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`Cell_Shape_Uniformity` is highly correlated with `Cell_Size_Uniformity`	High correlation
`Cell_Size_Uniformity` is highly correlated with `Cell_Shape_Uniformity`	High correlation
`Bare_Nuclei` has 402 (57.5%) zeros	Zeros

Clump_Thickness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.417739628040057
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	4
Q3	6
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.815740659
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6373713473
Kurtosis	-0.6237154123
Mean	4.417739628
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.5928585327
Sum	3088
Variance	7.928395456

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	145	20.7%
5	130	18.6%
3	108	15.5%
4	80	11.4%
10	69	9.9%
2	50	7.2%
8	46	6.6%
6	34	4.9%
7	23	3.3%
9	14	2.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	145	20.7%
2	50	7.2%
3	108	15.5%
4	80	11.4%
5	130	18.6%
6	34	4.9%
7	23	3.3%
8	46	6.6%
9	14	2.0%
10	69	9.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	69	9.9%
9	14	2.0%
8	46	6.6%
7	23	3.3%
6	34	4.9%
5	130	18.6%
4	80	11.4%
3	108	15.5%
2	50	7.2%
1	145	20.7%

Cell_Size_Uniformity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.13447782546495
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	5
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.05145911
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9735143395
Kurtosis	0.09880288537
Mean	3.134477825
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.233136558
Sum	2191
Variance	9.3114027

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	384	54.9%
10	67	9.6%
3	52	7.4%
2	45	6.4%
4	40	5.7%
5	30	4.3%
8	29	4.1%
6	27	3.9%
7	19	2.7%
9	6	0.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	384	54.9%
2	45	6.4%
3	52	7.4%
4	40	5.7%
5	30	4.3%
6	27	3.9%
7	19	2.7%
8	29	4.1%
9	6	0.9%
10	67	9.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	67	9.6%
9	6	0.9%
8	29	4.1%
7	19	2.7%
6	27	3.9%
5	30	4.3%
4	40	5.7%
3	52	7.4%
2	45	6.4%
1	384	54.9%

Cell_Shape_Uniformity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.207439198855508
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	5
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.971912767
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9265686995
Kurtosis	0.007010980047
Mean	3.207439199
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.161859179
Sum	2242
Variance	8.832265496

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	353	50.5%
2	59	8.4%
10	58	8.3%
3	56	8.0%
4	44	6.3%
5	34	4.9%
7	30	4.3%
6	30	4.3%
8	28	4.0%
9	7	1.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	353	50.5%
2	59	8.4%
3	56	8.0%
4	44	6.3%
5	34	4.9%
6	30	4.3%
7	30	4.3%
8	28	4.0%
9	7	1.0%
10	58	8.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	58	8.3%
9	7	1.0%
8	28	4.0%
7	30	4.3%
6	30	4.3%
5	34	4.9%
4	44	6.3%
3	56	8.0%
2	59	8.4%
1	353	50.5%

Marginal_Adhesion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.8068669527896994
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	4
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.855379239
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.017283429
Kurtosis	0.9879470695
Mean	2.806866953
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.524468091
Sum	1962
Variance	8.1531906

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	407	58.2%
2	58	8.3%
3	58	8.3%
10	55	7.9%
4	33	4.7%
8	25	3.6%
5	23	3.3%
6	22	3.1%
7	13	1.9%
9	5	0.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	407	58.2%
2	58	8.3%
3	58	8.3%
4	33	4.7%
5	23	3.3%
6	22	3.1%
7	13	1.9%
8	25	3.6%
9	5	0.7%
10	55	7.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	55	7.9%
9	5	0.7%
8	25	3.6%
7	13	1.9%
6	22	3.1%
5	23	3.3%
4	33	4.7%
3	58	8.3%
2	58	8.3%
1	407	58.2%

Single_Epi_Cell_Size
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.216022889842632
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	4
95-th percentile	8
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.214299887
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6885211836
Kurtosis	2.169066423
Mean	3.21602289
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.712171802
Sum	2248
Variance	4.903123988

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	386	55.2%
3	72	10.3%
4	48	6.9%
1	47	6.7%
6	41	5.9%
5	39	5.6%
10	31	4.4%
8	21	3.0%
7	12	1.7%
9	2	0.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	47	6.7%
2	386	55.2%
3	72	10.3%
4	48	6.9%
5	39	5.6%
6	41	5.9%
7	12	1.7%
8	21	3.0%
9	2	0.3%
10	31	4.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	31	4.4%
9	2	0.3%
8	21	3.0%
7	12	1.7%
6	41	5.9%
5	39	5.6%
4	48	6.9%
3	72	10.3%
2	386	55.2%
1	47	6.7%

Bare_Nuclei
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	11
Unique (%)	1.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1.4177396280400572
Minimum	0
Maximum	10
Zeros	402
Zeros (%)	57.5%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	1
95-th percentile	8
Maximum	10
Range	10
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.499862469
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.763273325
Kurtosis	3.391647791
Mean	1.417739628
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	2.066583426
Sum	991
Variance	6.249312362

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	402	57.5%
1	132	18.9%
5	30	4.3%
2	30	4.3%
3	28	4.0%
8	21	3.0%
4	19	2.7%
10	16	2.3%
9	9	1.3%
7	8	1.1%
6	4	0.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	402	57.5%
1	132	18.9%
2	30	4.3%
3	28	4.0%
4	19	2.7%
5	30	4.3%
6	4	0.6%
7	8	1.1%
8	21	3.0%
9	9	1.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	16	2.3%
9	9	1.3%
8	21	3.0%
7	8	1.1%
6	4	0.6%
5	30	4.3%
4	19	2.7%
3	28	4.0%
2	30	4.3%
1	132	18.9%

Bland_Chromatin
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.4377682403433476
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	3
Q3	5
95-th percentile	8
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.438364252
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7092869798
Kurtosis	0.1846213115
Mean	3.43776824
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.099969082
Sum	2403
Variance	5.945620227

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	166	23.7%
3	165	23.6%
1	152	21.7%
7	73	10.4%
4	40	5.7%
5	34	4.9%
8	28	4.0%
10	20	2.9%
9	11	1.6%
6	10	1.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	152	21.7%
2	166	23.7%
3	165	23.6%
4	40	5.7%
5	34	4.9%
6	10	1.4%
7	73	10.4%
8	28	4.0%
9	11	1.6%
10	20	2.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	20	2.9%
9	11	1.6%
8	28	4.0%
7	73	10.4%
6	10	1.4%
5	34	4.9%
4	40	5.7%
3	165	23.6%
2	166	23.7%
1	152	21.7%

Normal_Nucleoli
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.866952789699571
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	4
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.053633894
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.065114816
Kurtosis	0.4742686755
Mean	2.86695279
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.422261257
Sum	2004
Variance	9.324679956

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	443	63.4%
10	61	8.7%
3	44	6.3%
2	36	5.2%
8	24	3.4%
6	22	3.1%
5	19	2.7%
4	18	2.6%
9	16	2.3%
7	16	2.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	443	63.4%
2	36	5.2%
3	44	6.3%
4	18	2.6%
5	19	2.7%
6	22	3.1%
7	16	2.3%
8	24	3.4%
9	16	2.3%
10	61	8.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	61	8.7%
9	16	2.3%
8	24	3.4%
7	16	2.3%
6	22	3.1%
5	19	2.7%
4	18	2.6%
3	44	6.3%
2	36	5.2%
1	443	63.4%

Mitoses
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	9
Unique (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1.5894134477825466
Minimum	1.0
Maximum	10.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	1
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.715077943
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.07906344
Kurtosis	12.65787807
Mean	1.589413448
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.560657844
Sum	1111
Variance	2.941492349

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	579	82.8%
2	35	5.0%
3	33	4.7%
10	14	2.0%
4	12	1.7%
7	9	1.3%
8	8	1.1%
5	6	0.9%
6	3	0.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	579	82.8%
2	35	5.0%
3	33	4.7%
4	12	1.7%
5	6	0.9%
6	3	0.4%
7	9	1.3%
8	8	1.1%
10	14	2.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	14	2.0%
8	8	1.1%
7	9	1.3%
6	3	0.4%
5	6	0.9%
4	12	1.7%
3	33	4.7%
2	35	5.0%
1	579	82.8%

target
Boolean

Distinct count	2
Unique (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

0	458
1	241

Frequency Table

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	458	65.5%
1	241	34.5%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	Clump_Thickness	Cell_Size_Uniformity	Cell_Shape_Uniformity	Marginal_Adhesion	Single_Epi_Cell_Size	Bare_Nuclei	Bland_Chromatin	Normal_Nucleoli	Mitoses	target
0	5.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	3.0	1.0	1.0	0
1	5.0	4.0	4.0	5.0	7.0	1	3.0	2.0	1.0	0
2	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2	3.0	1.0	1.0	0
3	6.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	3.0	4	3.0	7.0	1.0	0
4	4.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	2.0	0	3.0	1.0	1.0	0
5	8.0	10.0	10.0	8.0	7.0	1	9.0	7.0	1.0	1
6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1	3.0	1.0	1.0	0
7	2.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	0	3.0	1.0	1.0	0
8	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	1.0	1.0	5.0	0
9	4.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	2.0	1.0	1.0	0

Last rows

	Clump_Thickness	Cell_Size_Uniformity	Cell_Shape_Uniformity	Marginal_Adhesion	Single_Epi_Cell_Size	Bare_Nuclei	Bland_Chromatin	Normal_Nucleoli	Mitoses	target
689	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	1.0	1.0	8.0	0
690	1.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	2.0	0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
691	5.0	10.0	10.0	5.0	4.0	5	4.0	4.0	1.0	1
692	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
693	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	2.0	1.0	2.0	0
694	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	2	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
695	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
696	5.0	10.0	10.0	3.0	7.0	3	8.0	10.0	2.0	1
697	4.0	8.0	6.0	4.0	3.0	4	10.0	6.0	1.0	1
698	4.0	8.0	8.0	5.0	4.0	5	10.0	4.0	1.0	1

Most frequent

	Clump_Thickness	Cell_Size_Uniformity	Cell_Shape_Uniformity	Marginal_Adhesion	Single_Epi_Cell_Size	Bland_Chromatin	Normal_Nucleoli	Mitoses	count
4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	27
6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	23
5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	21
20	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	20
19	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	12
13	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
21	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	10
28	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
29	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10
37	5.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequent

	Clump_Thickness	Cell_Size_Uniformity	Cell_Shape_Uniformity	Marginal_Adhesion	Single_Epi_Cell_Size	Bland_Chromatin	Normal_Nucleoli	Mitoses	count
4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	27
6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	23
5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	21
20	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	20
19	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	12
13	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
21	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	10
28	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
29	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10
37	5.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10

	Clump_Thickness	Cell_Size_Uniformity	Cell_Shape_Uniformity	Marginal_Adhesion	Single_Epi_Cell_Size	Bland_Chromatin	Normal_Nucleoli	Mitoses	count
4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	27
6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	23
5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	21
20	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	20
19	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	12
13	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
21	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	10
28	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
29	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10
37	5.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10

	Clump_Thickness	Cell_Size_Uniformity	Cell_Shape_Uniformity	Marginal_Adhesion	Single_Epi_Cell_Size	Bland_Chromatin	Normal_Nucleoli	Mitoses	count
4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	27
6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	23
5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	21
20	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	20
19	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	12
13	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
21	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	10
28	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	10
29	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10
37	5.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	10